Developing the System of Collective Security Essay

The system of Collective Security indisputably faces certain dilemmas and contradictions. It is clear that the premise of Collective Security still needs cautious legislation. It is only an evolving jurisprudence and its loose ends need to be tied up through concentrated deliberation. A system of Collective Security that would serve the purposes of keeping peace and would sustain continual international onslaught needs to be developed. A coping mechanism that would stand the test of time is of utmost necessity. †¢ QUESTIONS ABOUT ITS UTILITY: War theorists and strategists have questioned the workability of Collective Security. After World War II, there have been arisen 111 military conflicts so far, out of which only 9 have resulted†¦show more content†¦It is true that sovereign states cannot be fully bound by pledges to act in some hypothetical future case. Most international situations are only prophesized now, and there often is no conclusive proof that such a situation threatening international peace may manifest itself. †¢ TENDING TOWARDS UTOPIA: As suggested in the beginning of this paper, the concept of Collective Security tends to be over-ambitious. German Sociologist Karl Mannheim reserves a special term for Collective Security – â€Å"Relative Utopia† – one that tries to be realistic but retains the elements of fantasy. It looks to bridge what might sometimes be unbridgeable. It seeks to civilize a world that constantly heads towards anarchy. Moreover, hypocrisy is often attributed to the ideology of Collective Security, as it uses war to rid the world of war. Although the international theory of Liberalism comes close to advocating Collective Security as a means to a desirable end, the fact remains that Collective Security offers nothing new to the world. The entire system and process works akin to the process of immunization, which gets rid of micro organisms through another breed of micro organisms. Similarly, Collective Security only uses war as a vaccination against war, and this logic is certainly vulnerable to criticism. Although its ends are commendable, its means are definitelyShow MoreRelatedThe Failure Of Technology At NASA1249 Words   |  5 PagesWikipedia-styled application across NASA would allow experienced managers and engineers to create a vast, Web-based encyclopedia of searchable knowledge. This would simplify the process of knowledge capture and retention. The ability to update the system as a projec t progresses, rather than having to archive all of the lessons learned after the project concludes, could prevent a failure similar to that of the Mars Observer. 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Political reform is often resulting in increased demands of oppressed and weaken state. New democracies tend to have security problems and questions

The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius...

The USA Patriot Act of 2001 is a controversial public policy, which greatly undermines the civil liberties and constitutional freedom of the American people. This essay will moved from an overview of the USA Patriot Act to a review of the critical literature regarding the importance of the Act to the safety of Americans and shows how the Act violates the civil rights and liberties of citizens and noncitizens alike. After presenting sufficient evidence that the Patriot Act violates many of the basic principles that have been articulated in the U.S. Constitution, particularly within the Bill of Rights, I will, propose recommendations that if implemented scrupulously could help to restore American confidence in governments determination to†¦show more content†¦Consequently, law enforcement officials have until passage of the Patriot Act have needed to present a reasonably strong case to a court in order to obtain a warrant to enter a private home or business, confiscate certain types of property, or eavesdrop electronically on private conversations and communications. An ACLU spokesperson maintains that the Act represents an overnight revision of the nations surveillance laws that vastly expanded the governments authority to spy on its own citizens, while simultaneously reducing checks and balances on those powers like judicial oversight, public accountability, and the ability to challenge government searches in court, (Surveillance, 2005, p. 3). From arrests without evidence to random search and seizure, the Act represents a potential danger to the rights and civil liberties of the American people much more than it helps as a practical tool in combating terrorism. Consequently, cities across the United States, according to Schabner (2003), have begun to revolt against provisions of the Act, saying that it gives law enforcement too much power and threatens civil rights. In Massachusetts, the cities of Cambridge, Northampton, and Amherst and the township of Leveret have passed resolutions characterizing the Act as a threat to the civil rights of community residents. Berkeley - California and Ann Arbor - Michigan have also adopted such resolutions, while police in

Investment and Pioneer Petroleum Free Essays

Pioneer Petroleum Case I. Statement of Problem As Pioneer Petroleum continues to progress as a company, they are trying to determine the best way to approach a minimum rate of return. As of right now, they have two approaches they can take. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment and Pioneer Petroleum or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first would be taking a single cutoff rate based on the company’s overall WACC. The second, rather than a single cutoff, there would be multiple cutoff rates due to the risk-profit characteristics. II. Statement of Facts and Assumption Pioneer Petroleum’s approach to capital budgeting was to only accept investments with positive net present value. Currently, Pioneer Petroleum calculated their WACC at 9% shown in Figure 1 below. In calculating their WACC, PPC uses book value weights. When dealing with practicality, it is better to use market value weights because it provides what the expectations of the market and the investors have. By using this information, it can show what a company needs to do to gain new capital. III. Analysis Pioneer Petroleum was created after merging with multiple firms causing it to branch out into different markets. With multiple projects, the most effective thing PPC could do is to implement using single corporate cost of capital to evaluate their multiple projects. By doing this they can interpret different risk associated with different industries. Pioneer Petroleum’s other option would be to use multiple cutoff rates, but going in this direction may not provide the most accurate information since there are many components associated with different industries. IV. Recommendation My recommendation for Pioneer Petroleum would be to use a single cutoff rate and each individual division. It would be wise for them to do this rather than looking at the company as a whole. Not only should Pioneer only invest in projects with positive net present value, but they also need to assume the different risks associated with it. Something else they might consider is the length of the maturity for the project. More risk could be found in younger projects and older projects as well. By using a single cutoff rate, they can analyze more precisely how much it will effect their decisions in the future. Figure 1 WACC = Rdebt(1-TC)(D/V) + Requity(E/V) 9% = . 12(1-. 34)(. 5) + (. 10)(. 5) How to cite Investment and Pioneer Petroleum, Essay examples

Review Game Engines Comparison Between Unity 3D

Question: Describe about the Game Engines Comparison between Unity 3D. Answer: Game engines: Game engines are a software framework. They enable creation and development of game engines for mobile phones, consoles and PCs. A game engines core functionality comprises 2D 3D graphics rendering, physics engine, animation, artificial intelligence, networking, scripting, memory management, sounds, etc. while development of a video game, these game engines perform mostly complex tasks. With this, game developer focuses more on enhancing the appeal of game. It performs different functions at diverse expertise levels. Based on functionality and type, game developers have wide array of game engines between both open source and commercial such as Unreal Engine 4, Game Maker, 4A Engine, Dx Studio, Battery Tech etc. Comparison between game engines Unity 3D This game engine is a monster in independent development of games. It makes real traction with other studios of game development. Its fantastic interface lets you administer the project with great efficiency. It is integrated for cross-platform. This allows porting onto different platforms easily such as android, windows phone, iOS, and blackberry. These features make unity 3D a perfect game engine for mobile game development. It also bears capabilities for consoles development. It supports major 3D applications assets like Maya, 3ds Max, Cinema 4D, Softimage, Blender and lots more. This means that is not restricted to any specific file formats. Having 2D capabilities, it supports 2D physics and sprites. Thus, it is a great game engine for 2D game development too. While it supports any 3D applications integration, it suffers a little bit in editing capabilities of engine editor. It does not have building features and real modeling. That is why everything is required to be created in 3rd party 3D-application. However, it boasts a huge asset library. You can download or purchase a large variety of assets from this asset library. As far as licensing fees is concerned, the unity pro version is $1500 or $75 per month/seat and per platform as well. Its new version, unity 5 has same features as if profiler, professional edition, physically based shading, reflection probes etc. it also has a new render system that enables increase in graphical capabilities of the game engine. Unreal Engine 4 Unreal Engine 4 is an entire suite of tools for game development. For game developers, unreal engine gives each and everything that a developer requires for starting, growing and standing out from the rests. It is brand new game engine, which is released from Epic Games. It is UDKs successor. UE4 possesses some of the astounding graphical capabilities. These capabilities include a new particle-system, dynamic lighting abilities. It handles around one million particles at a time in a scene. However, it has gone through a number of drastic changes as compared to its predecessor UDK. These changes have made it easy to use. It provides you with a learning curve so that you can adapt it easily. It also has become more appealing for fresh game developers. One of the notable changes in UE4 is change in its scripting-language. It has always run-off Unreal Script. However, C++ in Unreal Engine 4 replaces this script. On the other hand, Blueprint System, an intuitive system has replaced the Kismet. Game Maker Studio A game development engine provides you with everything you require to develop an engaging game. It takes away all the barriers to get started. It has a built-in language GML, that enables to learn programming on the without jumping directly into the deep-end coding system. With game maker studio, you can export your game to windows phone or desktop, android, ubuntu, PS3/4, Xbox one, Amazon Fire TV, HTML5, Mac OS X etc. It has intuitive drag-and-drop facility to start an amazing journey of game development. It comes with various features that accommodate your game development. As sound is an important portion of a game, thus game makes gives an immersing audio of high quality. It brings life to your games and adds realistic motions with the help of in-built support. It is supported by esoteric softwares 2D animation that brings life to the games by means of high-end animation. It handles most of the animation tasks for you and thus you have to perform minimum tasks. Its artificial intelligence is actually a simple scripted behavior like object following, walking across a path/platform, or execution of a boss pattern. The scripting of Game Maker Studio is written in GML that is the in-built programming language of game maker. It adds multiplayer with cross multiplayer in your game. As it is based on C language, it gives you power of different programming languages. It allows you to structure the game making it compatible with client/server model. It also makes your game flexible enough to manage network behind the scenes. It price is $299.99. You can make great utilization to develop games even if you have zero experience. Using license key, you can use this game maker studio. Its development is very fast. With the GML programming language, it enables you to develop 2D games. With the help of GML and tutorial available, you can easily teach this game developer and us it accordingly. It is designed with a teaching tool. It is suitable for developing 2D and 3D games with great user interface and enhanced usability. You can learn it easily. Unity 3D Unreal Engine 4 Game Maker Studio Programming language C, C++, C# Assembly, C#, C++ GML Scripting Unity Script, Mono, Boo Unreal Script, GLSL, HLSL GML coding Orientation 2D 3D 2D Hybrid 2D 3D 2D and Hybrid 3D Platform suitable Windows, Play station, iOS, android, blackberry etc. Different computing platforms Diverse computing platform Licensing policy Proprietary (Unity Pro and free version) Proprietary @299.99 Animations and graphics Good Great graphical interface and animations Easy to use and with adaptability for learning References: Game Maker Studio: https://gamemaker.wikidot.com/a-i Unity 3D: https://unity3d.com/unity/engine-features Unreal Engine 4: https://www.unrealengine.com/what-is-unreal-engine-4 Unreal Engine 4: https://docs.unrealengine.com/latest/INT/Gameplay/Networking/ https://steamcommunity.com/app/214850/discussions/0/610573751160348047/ https://www.yoyogames.com/gamemaker/features https://blog.digitaltutors.com/unity-udk-cryengine-game-engine-choose/ https://www.reddit.com/r/gamedev/comments/jmwf0/comparison_of_free_aaa_game_engines_cryengine