Orang Asli Customary Law Essay

Orang Asli is a Malay expression for locals. Generally, locals settle on choices and settle questions by accomplishing agreement through procedures like exchange and counsel. These standard practices had become adat (customs) that administered indigenous networks in Sabah and Sarawak for ages, existed distinctly in oral structure. In Sabah, endeavors were made to systematize adat however every one of these endeavors missed the mark concerning having these traditions classified and made lawfully official. Rather, they remained simply as advisers for local boss and court authorities. Among all, lone the endeavors of George Cathcart Woolley (Commissioner of Lands, North Borneo Company) have effectively printed the aggregated traditions as codes. These codes were distributed by government printing office in 1953 and republished in 1962 as Native Affairs Bulletins No. 1 to 7. The 7 Natives Affairs Bulletins distributed by the North Borneo Company, 1936 â€1939 1. The Timoguns: A Murut Tribe of the Interior, North Borneo Native Affairs Bulletin No. 1, Sandakan: Government Printing Office, 1936 (Reprinted by the North Borneo Government Printing Office, 1962.32 p). 2. Tuaran Adat: Some Customs of the Dusun, North Borneo, Native Affairs Bulletin No. 2, Sandakan: Government Printing Office, 1937. (Republished by the North Borneo Government Printing Office, 1953). 3. Murut Adat: Customs Regulating Inheritance among the Nabai Tribe of Keningau and the Timogun Tribe of Tenom, Native Affairs Bulletin No. 3, Sandakan: Government Printing Office, 1939, 27 p. 4. Dusun Adat: C ustoms Regulating Inheritance among the Dusun Tribes in the Coastal Plains of Putatan and Papar, Native Affairs Bulletin No. The following are unmistakable kinds of remuneration for wounds expressed in this Rule: Types of pay Interpretation 1. Babas any standard placating blessing to a bothered gathering intended to protect the obligations of companionship. 2. Denda Malu a standard pay in regard of any penetrate of local standard law which uncovered the oppressed party to the chance of disfavor before the family members or network to whom or which such abused gathering has a place. 3. Kepanasan kampung a standard fine in regard of an offense against the general ethics and pride of a town. 4. Sogit Standard haematic punishment. All these pay for wounds comes as fine, adat fine and remedial equity. Remedial equity is a way to deal with justiceâ that centers around the necessities of the people in question and the guilty parties, just as the included network, rather than fulfilling conceptual legitimate standards or rebuffing the wrongdoer. As a rule, the guilty parties host to repay the distressed get-together with domesticated animals or different things of comparable incentive as per adat fine. Mr Anthony John Noel Richards must be referenced in the codification of Dayak standard laws in Sarawak. Subsequent to moving on from school, he entered the Sarawak common help as a Brooke cadet officerâ in Septemberâ 1938. His first presenting was on the Secretariat where he worked under Mr Andrew MacPherson, at that point Secretary for Native Affairs. Here, he quickly gainedâ fluencyâ in both Iban and Malay. In the year 1961, he distributed: Dayak Adat Law in the Second Division (in Iban and English, 1963, Kuching: Government Printer), and Dayak Adat Law in the First Division-Bidayuh (in English, 1964, Kuching: Government Printer). In Sarawak, the Sea-Dayaks (Iban) are the biggest indigenous gathering. They are animists who have faith in different gods. Legends state that these divinities gave the Sea-Dayaks’ predecessors common law which has become the standard law. These standard laws turned into the premise on settling questions and cases. The absolute first codification of Sea-Dayak law has begun with Mr A. B. Ward in the year 1907. He was the Resident of the Second Division at Simanggang. His code was effectively distributed in Sarawak Museum Journal. A gathering occurred in the Third Division, year 1932 to record these standard laws.

Art of War By Sun Tzu Reaction Paper Essay

Sun Tzu has built up a strategies on the best way to deal with war appropriately with system and strategies. In his book Sun Tzu about the craft of war I took in a ton of procedures on the best way to wage and win a war. He expounded a great deal of ways how to vanquish our adversary yet for me not the entirety of his works about war are material realizing that time and circumstance are evolving. For me there are no outside knowledge can disclose to us the proper behavior in light of the fact that even past fruitful models and speculations are not compelling any longer in the real factors of the current situation. Yet at the same time I took in a great deal from Sun Tzu like how to turn into a decent and successful general I can relate this on my association as an official in JSWAP and as a class president in light of the fact that as a pioneer we should make system or arrangements that will help us accomplished our objectives. Like being a general they should be sufficiently astute to make, sort out and train their officers all together annihilation there foe. There are sure rules and rules which Sun Tzu created dependent on his accomplished on war. The first and most significant territory of pursuing a war is arranging around there the general must be basic scholar in laying his arrangements on the best way to overcome their adversaries. Like my encounters as an understudy before taking a test at school I generally plan how to breeze through the test so I consider and do a few readings and part of arranging knows whether my learning and information is sufficient to finish the test. Like in war the general must know whether they can crush their adversary or they will be vanquished by their foe. Investigation and rationale at this stage is pretty import and fundamental. The pioneer must have a decent nature in realizing that it is possible that they win or lose the fight. The soldiers must be all around prepared and constantly prepared Sun Tzu notice that it is acceptable that the warriors must have sharp state of mind since it has a decent effect in crushing their adversaries. Like in my investigations I possibly do my task and assignment well if I’m in the state of mind in light of the fact that our temperament have an effect in everything we do. At the point when I was perusing the Art of War by Sun Tzu there are question the keep springing up in my brain, is this composing applicable to ladies and if during their time ladies our part in the fight as a warrior. Is it conceivable that womenâ can be a general or an administrator particularly in our current society and what are the distinctive in people as a general? Following a couple of moments of investigating I showed up in a specific truth that ladies can likewise be a general in their own particular manners in light of the fact that the primary rule of Sun Tzu is to win a war without fighting. It’s simply like moms who discipline their kid without utilizing viciousness yet just utilize the model of discipline and support. I can likewise relate this Art of War by Sun Tzu in our subject who additionally manages the board yet in various manners like Art of War it discusses how to have compelling administration in pursuing a war. I can likewise relate it in my every day life battles in light of the fact that occasionally in war or in our own life we decide to give up and retreat yet I accepted that it doesn't imply that I am powerless. Here and there I have to give up or retreat when it appears I have huge likelihood of losing a fight by our concern or our adversary. At the point when I choose to give up or retreat it just means that I have better plans in vanquishing my foes. Here and there when we realize that we can't win a battle we should withdraw and discover different ways on the most proficient method to crush our foe in short we have to give time in our preparation to make us increasingly more grounded and ensure that we have enough assets, technique and just as labor so as to vanquish all our foe and may chances favor our fight.

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Qualities of a Good Boss

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Qualities of a Good Boss Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice EssayThe QuestionThe people we work with have many different characteristics and all of them affect the quality of our time at work. Of the following, what do you think is the most important quality for a boss or supervisor to have?a serious attitude about their worka lot of related experiencea tendency to always tell the truthYou may choose more than one. Use specific details and examples in your answer.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayPeople today spend an enormous amount of time at their workplace, and how much they enjoy that time reallydependson the attributes of their supervisor. I am of the opinion that there are two main characteristics of a good boss, which are his attitude and his experience . I will explore these two factors in the following essay.First of all, we are more likely to learn from a supervisor who is very experienced in their field. When we are just starting out in our career we absorb new information like sponges, and even older workers can learn from supervisors who have a lot of related experience. My own personal history is a compelling example of this. When I began working as a teacher ten years ago, my supervisor, Simon, had been working in education for more than ten years. I was just out of college and knew very little about creating effective lesson plans, engaging with students or even how to complete my paperwork. Simon took the time to show me what he had learned over the previous decade, and therefore I was soon able to keep up with my office mates. In contrast, when I moved to a new school earlier this year, my supervisor actually had less experience teaching than I did. Moreover, when I struggled with certain aspects of my job, he couldn’t suggest ways to improve. As a result, my professional development slowed down.Secondly, a serious boss is more likely to maintain a positive office environment. This is because they encourage the people under them to act professionally. For instance, my sister once told me that her first job was difficult because of how toxic her office was. Workers often gossiped, tried to avoid doing their duties and even arrived late. This was acceptable because most of the supervisors in the firm behaved in the exact same way. My sister was miserable because she prides herself on her diligence and her ability to complete her tasks with care and enthusiasm. If her bosses had been more serious, this would not have happened.In conclusion, I believe that experience and seriousness are the hallmarks of a good supervisor. This is because we can learn a lot from a knowledgeable boss, and because employees will strive to emulate a supervisor who acts with professionalism. (387words)Note:This is a sampl e TOEFL independent essay written by a native speaker. It follows our TOEFL writing templates for independent essays. If it is useful, please remember that we havemany more sample essaysfor you to read!

The Dirty Heads Relationship - 1717 Words

For any market to achieve success, said market must define, create and outline some measure of happiness for its consumers. A solid awareness and knowledge of what makes a consumer satisfied will generally lead to successful business for any specific market. However, if a particular market of an economy attempts to define happiness for its consumers, don’t they have an obligation to accurately appeal to their targeted audience? Does the cost to a consumer’s morals and ideals matter? What’s the cost for that? A television show may try to define their consumer’s happiness by a mutual connection to plot or cinematography. A musician or band may try to define their consumer’s happiness by a connection to music genre, tempo, style, title, or†¦show more content†¦The album’s title Any Port in a Storm is an idiom: sailors thankful for a place of safety when dangerous gales arise. It is a fairly common expression. Many have, or are, dealing with the challenges of finding a safe, comfortable place to rest. We all need to feel that we belong, that we are accepted. Social norms and themes such as the ones expressed in this album are generally positive, but at a point may lead to negative pressure. When social norms suggest that you drink to fit in, the expressions are no longer beneficial. Finding safety in a port that harbingers drugs and alcohol may be harmful. According to a scientific journal by accredited health professionals, â€Å"The ‘Susceptibility to P eer Pressure’ index correlated more highly with†¦ adolescent substance use, [and] misuse† (T.E. Dielman). A susceptibility to peer pressure leads to an increased risk of substance abuse. The album’s cover shows the band’s name, The Dirty Heads, in large white font, as well as the band’s peers split in two; some are enjoying commanding their vessel and drinking. Others are pulling the boat lying on the desert floor; baking in the hot sun. The album shows two members of the band struggling and the other two relaxing together, looking for their port in the storm. The lead singer and guitarist are working and the other band members are basking in the sunny success. If everyone needs to fit in, then don’t we all have to work equally hard? This album suggests otherwise. Every

Legalization of Marijuana Essays - 1831 Words

What could the United States do with an extra 7.7 billion dollars? What could the state of Michigan do with 5.3 billion dollars? How could the nation get this much money in one year? The legalization of marijuana would bring such revenue. Replacing â€Å"marijuana prohibition with a system of legal regulation would save approximately $7.7 billion in government expenditures on prohibition enforcement -- $2.4 billion at the federal level and $5.3 billion at the state and local levels† (Miron, â€Å"Budgetary Implications of Marijuana Prohibitions in the United States). The money generated from this could be used for so many needs of the nation. For example, one immediate use would be to help restore the infrastructure of bridges and roads. The United†¦show more content†¦Most of the testimony was disparaging towards marijuana, therefore the U.S. Congress made it an illegal drug. The brevity of this testimony shows that not enough effort was given in defense of marijuan a’s many benefits. This law started the stigma against marijuana, which continues to this day. The stigma that marijuana users are hardcore criminals is still practiced in law enforcement today. In the year 2000 alone, there were 734,500 arrests for marijuana possession (Rosenthal, Kubby, and Newhart 16). This over zealous policing of non-violent crimes is consuming too much state and federal money. If marijuana were made legal, police could focus on more serious criminal acts. â€Å"Nationwide, there were more arrests for marijuana than there were for arson, manslaughter, rape, stolen property, vandalism, and sex offenses combined†¦The sheer number or marijuana violators overwhelms some law-enforcement agencies† (Rosenthal, Kubby, and Newhart 20). All of this adds up to that 7.7 billion dollars that could have been used for more worthy causes. Marijuana is not innocuous. If it were to be made legal, it should be regulated. In order to be effective, marijuana shou ld be legal in manufacturing and consumption. This would mean that people or corporations would be able to manufacture and sell marijuana for consumption use. Since the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (ONDCP). The decriminalization and eve ntually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1282 Words   |  6 Pages On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. The move targets at regulating the consumption of the drug and taxing it like other legalized drugs. California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana in 1996 (National Institute of Drug Abuse). The state prohibited any legal actions from being taken on patients and recognized caregiversRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1660 Words   |  7 PagesKyler Smith 9/15 â€Å"Marijuana Legalization† The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, possession of the drug in small quantities had been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay, and in the US states of ColoradoRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound af fects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization996 Words   |  4 Pages the monetary gain of its legalization for most has been productive to say the least. For example, Denver Colorado is on track to more than triple the marijuana tax revenue this year alone. $44 million was collected in 2014. In July 2015, 73.5 million was collected, while 19.6 million went to schools. A place such as Chicago could really use the legalization to help with the school system infrastructure issues they have. With a deficit of over 1.1 billion marijuana sales could alleviate bothRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, andRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana972 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1st the states of Colorado and Washington officially began the regulation of legal marijuana sales. Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana628 Words   |  2 PagesThe Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana, the plant of the cannabis, has been around since the early 1900’s. Throughout history, marijuana has been used illegally, for both recreational and medical uses. Recently, marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes, like aiding HIV/AIDs patients, healing migraines and controlling nausea caused by chemotherapy. Today, there are currently 21 American states that have legalized medicinal marijuana including two states that have legalized recreational marijuana

KES- the film /movie Free Essays

â€Å"While A Kestrel for a Knave begins with a sense of hope, it soon becomes clear that the novel and film are both ultimately about Billy’s defeat. † Is one that I agree with. It’s explores the theme of hope In both a positive and negative manner. We will write a custom essay sample on KES- the film /movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now The audience learns that hope can be nurtured through the support of adults and also when an individual has a goal they wish to attain. Yet, it’s abolished when a teenager is succumbed to despair due to not being rendered with support, and shows the harsh reality for many teenagers dwelling in poverty whereby they experience the absence of hope. I believe this book resonates with teenagers in a contemporary society, as adults can hinder or encourage teenagers dealing with adversely such as bullying, poverty, or family abuse. Also, It suggests that due to the perils of life, teenagers may be deprived of hope when they realist that regardless of their goals and determination, they may never succeed. As evident in the murder of the Kestrel which was Bilge’s only source of hope despite adversities. The statement â€Å"While A Kestrel for a Knave begins with a sense of hope, it soon becomes clear that he novel and film are both ultimately about Billy’s defeat. † is one that I agree with. It’s explores the theme of hope In both a positive and negative manner. The audience learns that hope can be nurtured through the support of adults and also when an individual has a goal they wish to attain. Yet, it’s abolished when a teenager is succumbed to despair due to not being rendered with support, and shows the harsh reality for many teenagers dwelling in poverty whereby they experience the absence of hope. I believe this book resonates with teenagers in a contemporary society, as adults can hinder or encourage teenagers dealing with adversities such as bullying, poverty, or family abuse. Also, It suggests that due to the perils of life, teenagers may be deprived of hope when they realist that regardless of their goals and determination, they may never succeed. As evident in the murder of the Kestrel which was Bilge’s only source of hope despite adversities. The statement â€Å"While A Kestrel for a Knave begins with a sense of hope, it soon becomes clear that the novel and film are both ultimately about Billy’s defeat. † is one that I agree with. It’s explores he theme of hope in both a positive and negative manner. The audience learns that hope can be nurtured through the support of adults and also when an Individual has a goal they wish to attain. Yet, it’s abolished when a teenager is succumbed to despair due to not being rendered with support, and shows the harsh reality for many teenagers dwelling in poverty whereby they experience the absence of hope. I believe this book resonates with teenagers in a contemporary society, as adults can hinder or encourage teenagers dealing with adversities such as bullying, poverty, or Emily abuse. Also, it suggests that due to the perils of life, teenagers may be deprived of hope when they realist that regardless of their goals and determination, they may never succeed. As evident in the murder of the Kestrel which was Bilge’s only source of hope despite adversities. The statement â€Å"While A Kestrel for a Knave begins with a sense of hope, it soon becomes clear that the novel and film are both ultimately about Billy’s defeat. † is one that I agree with. It’s explores the theme of hope in both a positive and negative manner. The audience learns that hope can be sis to attain. Yet, it’s abolished when a teenager is succumbed to despair due to not being rendered with support, and shows the harsh reality for many teenagers dwelling in poverty whereby they experience the absence of hope. I believe this book resonates with teenagers in a contemporary society, as adults can hinder or encourage teenagers dealing with adversities such as bullying, poverty, or family abuse. Also, it suggests that due to the perils of life, teenagers may be deprived of hope when they realist that regardless of their goals and determination, they may ever succeed. As evident in the murder of the Kestrel which was Bilge’s only source of hope despite adversities. The statement â€Å"While A Kestrel for a Knave begins with a sense of hope, it soon becomes clear that the novel and film are both ultimately about Billy’s defeat. † is one that I agree with. It’s explores the theme of hope in both a positive and negative manner. The audience learns that hope can be nurtured through the support of adults and also when an individual has a goal they wish to attain. Yet, it’s abolished when a teenager is succumbed to despair due to not being endured with support, and shows the harsh reality for many teenagers dwelling in poverty whereby they experience the absence of hope. I believe this book resonates with teenagers in a contemporary society, as adults can hinder or encourage teenagers dealing with adversities such as bullying, poverty, or family abuse. Also, it suggests that due to the perils of life, teenagers may be deprived of hope when they realist that regardless of their goals and determination, they may never succeed. As evident in the murder of the Kestrel which was Bilge’s only source of hope despite adversities. How to cite KES- the film /movie, Papers

Romeo And Juliet Essays (823 words) - Romeo And Juliet,

Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, is a story of two young lovers, whose love was destined for destruction. They did not imagine that their love would lead to the tragedies that it did. These two young people did nothing wrong except fall in love. Three aspects of their destruction included the feud between the two families, the nurse and her betrayal of Juliet and the most important aspect of all is fate. The feud between the two families was one factor that contributed to the love of Romeo and Juliet being destined for destruction. "From ancient grudge break to new mutiny". (Romeo & Juliet, Prologue, pg.2 l.3) The two families, Montagues and Capulets, had many problems. There was hate between the two families so much so that even the servants hated each other. This feud would have caused many problems for Romeo and Juliet: These two young lovers knew this and this is why they kept their marriage a secret. If their parents discovered their secret, they would have made their children's lives miserable. Romeo and Juliet would not have been able to see each other. Both of these families were very stubborn and there was hardly any thing that would have made them become friends. In the prologue we learn that the only way the "strife" could be ended was by the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. "Doth with their death bury their parent's strife". (Romeo Neither the Montagues or the Capulets would have accepted the marriage. Keeping the marriage a secret caused Romeo and Juliet to turn to other people for help. Sometimes these people gave them the wrong advice or just betrayed them. The Nurse was one of these characters who betrayed the young couple. The Nurse who was also Juliet's friend turned against her at a very crucial time. The Nurse told Juliet that it would be best if she married Paris. "I think it best you married with the county". (Romeo This betrayal by the Nurse left Juliet alone. She was a wise young woman but it still would have been beneficial for her to have the help of the Nurse. Juliet was left on her own to make some very important decisions. I believe that if the Nurse had been around to help Juliet things may have turned out differently. Juliet had no one to turn to and ask for help. She could not have gone to her parents because they would not have understood. The Nurse was supposed to be one of Juliet's best friends. Now when it was important for Juliet to have someone there, for her she was betrayed. When considering the destruction of Romeo and Juliet the most sifnificant fact you must think about is fate. Fate, above all, destroyed Romeo and Juliet. Many instances in the play reveals that the love of Romeo and Juliet would end in death. "A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life". (Romeo & Juliet,pg.2, Prologue, l.6) From the very beginning it is evident that they were destined by the stars to bad fortune. Some people may think that there is no way to control fate or change what is in the stars. It could be that the love of Romeo and Juliet was destined for death so that their parent's feud would be over. Also, in the prologue it states that the dreadful course of their love was destined for death. "The fearful passage of their death marked love". (Romeo Both of these quotes show us that the love of these two was destined to end tragically. The masquerade party was above all the most important aspect of fate. The fact that Romeo was wearing a mask and his face was hidden allowed juliet to fall in love with him before she saw who it was. If Juliet had known who Romeo was she would probably have not fallen in love with him. Fate could not have been changed whatever was meant to be would happen and no one could change that. In conclusion, from the very beginning, the love of Romeo and Juliet was destined to be